Ontology of Perception

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Ontology of Perception: A Semantic Web Approach to Enhance Machine Perception

Today, many sensor networks and their applications employ a brute force approach to collecting and analyzing sensor data, and ignore the semantics inherent in the environmental data. Such an approach often wastes valuable resources – including both energy and computational resources – by unnecessarily tasking sensors and generating observations of minimal use. People, on the other hand, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to efficiently perceive their environment. Such mechanisms include the use of background knowledge to determine what aspects of the environment to focus and a strong interdependent relationship between our ability to observe and perceive. In this paper, we develop an ontology of perception – derived from cognitive theory – that may be used to more efficiently convert observations into perceptions. We evaluate this approach by collecting and analyzing observations of weather conditions, and show up to 50% reduction in the number of observations necessary for analysis.

System Architecture

Perception Cycle

Figure 1. Perception Cycle.

Perception Process

Figure 2. Perception Process.

Observation Process

Figure 3. Observation Process.

Ontologies and Knowledge Bases

Specification of Perception Cycle in Set Theory

Figure 4. Specification of Perception Cycle in Set Theory.

Weather Background Knowledge

Figure 5. Weather Background Knowledge

• Weather Background Knowledge
• Observation Knowledge Base
• Perception Ontology
• Perception Datasets:
  • 25 miles (17 observers)
  • 50 miles (70 observers)
  • 100 miles (170 observers)
  • 200 miles (373 observers)
  • 400 miles (516 observers)

Demonstrations

• Demo visualization of the Perception Cycle with Weather Background Knowledge

Statistics

Percepts Generated during Evaluation: # and %

(p = precipitation, t = temperature, w = wind speed)

25 miles (17 observers)

Figure 6.

50 miles (70 observers)

Figure 7.

100 miles (170 observers)

Figure 8.

200 miles (373 observers)

Figure 9.

400 miles (516 observers>

Figure 10.

Percepts Generated during Evaluation: Trends

Grounded Percepts

Figure 11.

Extraneous Percepts

Figure 12.

Theories Generated during Evaluation

Figure 13.