Intellego - Revision history

Cory at 15:08, 20 June 2011

2011-06-20T15:08:29Z

Cory at 00:43, 1 June 2011

2011-06-01T00:43:00Z

Cory at 17:58, 31 May 2011

2011-05-31T17:58:32Z

Cory at 17:39, 31 May 2011

2011-05-31T17:39:38Z

Cory at 18:00, 30 May 2011

2011-05-30T18:00:40Z

Cory at 17:55, 30 May 2011

2011-05-30T17:55:29Z

Cory at 15:58, 30 May 2011

2011-05-30T15:58:41Z

Cory at 15:56, 30 May 2011

2011-05-30T15:56:59Z

Cory: /* Ontology of Perception: A Semantic Web Approach to Enhance Machine Perception */

2011-05-25T16:51:31Z

‎Ontology of Perception: A Semantic Web Approach to Enhance Machine Perception

Cory: Created page with '==Ontology of Perception: A Semantic Web Approach to Enhance Machine Perception== Today, many sensor networks and their applications employ a brute force approach to collecting a…'

2011-05-13T14:07:17Z

Created page with '==Ontology of Perception: A Semantic Web Approach to Enhance Machine Perception== Today, many sensor networks and their applications employ a brute force approach to collecting a…'

New page

==Ontology of Perception: A Semantic Web Approach to Enhance Machine Perception==
Today, many sensor networks and their applications employ a brute force approach to collecting and analyzing sensor data, and ignore the semantics inherent in the environmental data. Such an approach often wastes valuable resources – including both energy and computational resources – by unnecessarily tasking sensors and generating observations of minimal use. People, on the other hand, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to efficiently perceive their environment. Such mechanisms include the use of background knowledge to determine what aspects of the environment to focus and a strong interdependent relationship between our ability to observe and perceive. In this paper, we develop an ontology of perception – derived from cognitive theory – that may be used to more efficiently convert observations into perceptions. We evaluate this approach by collecting and analyzing observations of weather conditions, and show up to 50% reduction in the number of observations necessary for analysis.

==System Architecture==

Perception Cycle
[[Image:perception_cycle_new.jpg|none|thumb|500px| Figure 1. Perception Cycle.]]

Perception Process
[[Image:perception_process_new.jpg|none|thumb|500px| Figure 2. Perception Process.]]

Observation Process
[[Image:observation_process_new.jpg|none|thumb|300px| Figure 3. Observation Process.]]

==Ontologies and Knowledge Bases==
Specification of Perception Cycle in Set Theory
[[Image:Set-theory.jpg|none|thumb|500px| Figure 4. Specification of Perception Cycle in Set Theory.]]

Weather Background Knowledge
[[Image:bipartite_graph_black.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 5. Weather Background Knowledge]]
* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/weather.owl Weather Background Knowledge]
* [http://wiki.knoesis.org/index.php/SSW_Datasets Observation Knowledge Base]
* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/perception.owl Perception Ontology]
* Perception Datasets:
**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_25miles.zip 25 miles (17 observers)]
**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_50miles.zip 50 miles (70 observers)]
**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_100miles.zip 100 miles (170 observers)]
**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_200miles.zip 200 miles (373 observers)]
**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_400miles.zip 400 miles (516 observers)]

==Demonstrations==

* [http://harp.cs.wright.edu/perception/ Demo visualization of the Perception Cycle with Weather Background Knowledge]

==Statistics==

====Percepts Generated during Evaluation: # and %====
(p = precipitation, t = temperature, w = wind speed)

25 miles (17 observers)
[[Image:25miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 6. ]]
50 miles (70 observers)
[[Image:50miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 7. ]]
100 miles (170 observers)
[[Image:100miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 8. ]]
200 miles (373 observers)
[[Image:200miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 9. ]]
400 miles (516 observers>
[[Image:400miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 10. ]]

====Percepts Generated during Evaluation: Trends====

Grounded Percepts
[[Image:trend_grounded.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 11. ]]
Extraneous Percepts
[[Image:trend_extraneous.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 12. ]]

====Theories Generated during Evaluation====
[[Image:trend_theory.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 13. ]]

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 miles (17 observers)
-[[Image:25miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
+[[Image:25-miles.PNG|none|thumb|700px|]]
 miles (70 observers)
-[[Image:50miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
+[[Image:50-miles.PNG|none|thumb|700px|]]
 miles (170 observers)
-[[Image:100miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
+[[Image:100-miles.PNG|none|thumb|700px|]]
 miles (373 observers)
-[[Image:200miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
+[[Image:200-miles.PNG|none|thumb|700px|]]
 miles (516 observers)
-[[Image:400miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
+[[Image:400-miles.PNG|none|thumb|700px|]]
 <strong>Percepts Generated during Evaluation: Trends</strong>
-Observed Qualities (Percepts)
+Percepts (Observed Discriminating Qualities)
-[[Image:trend_grounded.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
+[[Image:Trend-percepts.PNG|none|thumb|600px|]]
-Extraneous Qualities
+Extraneous Qualities (Not Observed)
-[[Image:trend_extraneous.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
+[[Image:Trend-extraneous.PNG|none|thumb|600px|]]
 <strong>Perceptual-Theories Generated during Evaluation</strong>
-[[Image:trend_theory.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
+[[Image:Trend-theories.PNG|none|thumb|600px|]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==Formal Specification==
 The formal specification of IntellegO is encoded in set-theory; which provides a notation that is unambiguous, well-established, and suitably expressive.
-[[Image:Set-theory.jpg|none|thumb|500px|]]
+[[Image:Intellego-in-set-theory.png|none|thumb|500px|]]

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==Ontologies and Knowledge Bases==
 The implementation of IntellegO used in our evaluations utilizes and integrates a suite of ontologies and knowledge bases.
-* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/perception.owl IntellegO-OWL] - An encoding of the terminology of IntellegO in OWL, with a mapping of terms to the SSN Ontology.
+* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/ssw/ont/intellego-owl.owl IntellegO-OWL] - An encoding of the terminology of IntellegO in OWL, with a mapping of terms to the SSN Ontology.
 * [http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn Sensor and Sensor Network (SSN) Ontology] - An ontology developed by the ([http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/ W3C Semantic Sensor Networks Incubator Group]) to describe sensors and sensor observations.
-* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/weather.owl Weather Ontology] - An ontology describing background knowledge related to the domain of weather.
+* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/ssw/ont/weather.owl Weather Ontology] - An ontology describing background knowledge related to the domain of weather.
 * [http://linkedsensordata.com Linked Sensor Data] - A knowledge base on LOD which includes descriptions of over 20,000 active sensors and over 160 million sensor observations; resulting in over 1.7 billion facts (statements) related to major weather events in the United States.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
-==Specification of IntellegO==
+==Formal Specification==
 The formal specification of IntellegO is encoded in set-theory; which provides a notation that is unambiguous, well-established, and suitably expressive.
 [[Image:Set-theory.jpg|none|thumb|500px|]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Ontology of Perception: <strong>IntellegO</strong>==
 <i>Intellego (Greek: "to perceive")</i>
 ==Specification of IntellegO==
-(in Set-Theory)
+The formal specification of IntellegO is encoded in set-theory; which provides a notation that is unambiguous, well-established, and suitably expressive.
 [[Image:Set-theory.jpg|none|thumb|500px|]]
 ==Ontologies and Knowledge Bases==
-* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/perception.owl IntellegO-OWL]
+The implementation of IntellegO used in our evaluations utilizes and integrates a suite of ontologies and knowledge bases.
-* [http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn Sensor and Sensor Network (SSN) Ontology] ([http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/ wiki])
+* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/perception.owl IntellegO-OWL] - An encoding of the terminology of IntellegO in OWL, with a mapping of terms to the SSN Ontology.
-* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/weather.owl Weather Ontology]
+* [http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn Sensor and Sensor Network (SSN) Ontology] - An ontology developed by the ([http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/ W3C Semantic Sensor Networks Incubator Group]) to describe sensors and sensor observations.
-* [http://linkedsensordata.com Linked Sensor Data]
+* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/weather.owl Weather Ontology] - An ontology describing background knowledge related to the domain of weather.
 ==Focus Evaluation==
-====Percepts Generated during Evaluation: # and %====
+<strong>Percepts Generated during Evaluation: # and %</strong>
-(p = precipitation, t = temperature, w = wind speed)
-<strong>25 miles (17 observers)</strong>
+miles (17 observers)
-[[Image:25miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 6. ]]
+[[Image:25miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
-<strong>50 miles (70 observers)</strong>
+miles (70 observers)
-[[Image:50miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 7. ]]
+[[Image:50miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
-<strong>100 miles (170 observers)</strong>
+miles (170 observers)
-[[Image:100miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 8. ]]
+[[Image:100miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
-<strong>200 miles (373 observers)</strong>
+miles (373 observers)
-[[Image:200miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 9. ]]
+[[Image:200miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
-<strong>400 miles (516 observers></strong>
+miles (516 observers)
-[[Image:400miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 10. ]]
+[[Image:400miles.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
-====Percepts Generated during Evaluation: Trends====
+<strong>Percepts Generated during Evaluation: Trends</strong>
-<strong>Grounded Percepts</strong>
+Observed Qualities (Percepts)
-[[Image:trend_grounded.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 11. ]]
+[[Image:trend_grounded.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
-<strong>Extraneous Percepts</strong>
+Extraneous Qualities
-[[Image:trend_extraneous.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 12. ]]
+[[Image:trend_extraneous.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
-====Theories Generated during Evaluation====
+<strong>Perceptual-Theories Generated during Evaluation</strong>
-[[Image:trend_theory.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 13. ]]
+[[Image:trend_theory.jpg|none|thumb|600px|]]
-====Evaluation Datasets====
+<strong>Evaluation Datasets</strong>
 *[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_25miles.zip 25 miles (17 observers)]
 *[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_50miles.zip 50 miles (70 observers)]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 30 May 2011
Line 5:		Line 5:


−	==Specification of IntellegO (in Set-Theory)==	+	==Specification of IntellegO==
−	[[Image:Set-theory.jpg\|none\|thumb\|500px\| ~~Figure 4. Specification of Perception Cycle in Set Theory.~~]]	+	(in Set-Theory)
		+	[[Image:Set-theory.jpg\|none\|thumb\|500px\|]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-==Ontology of Perception: <strong>IntellegO</strong> (Greek: "to perceive")==
+==Ontology of Perception: <strong>IntellegO</strong>==
 Today, many sensor networks and their applications employ a brute force approach to collecting and analyzing sensor data. Such an approach often wastes valuable energy and computational resources by unnecessarily tasking sensors and generating observations of minimal use. People, on the other hand, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to efficiently perceive their environment. One such mechanism includes the use of background knowledge to determine what aspects of the environment to focus our attention. In this project, we develop an ontology of perception, IntellegO, that may be used to more efficiently convert observations into perceptions. IntellegO is derived from cognitive theory, encoded in set-theory, and provides a formal semantics of machine perception.
-==System Architecture==
+<i>Intellego (Greek: "to perceive")</i>
-<strong>Perception Process</strong>
+==Specification of IntellegO (in Set-Theory)==
-[[Image:perception_process_new.jpg|none|thumb|500px| Figure 2. Perception Process.]]
+[[Image:Set-theory.jpg|none|thumb|500px| Figure 4. Specification of Perception Cycle in Set Theory.]]
-−
-<strong>Observation Process</strong>
-[[Image:observation_process_new.jpg|none|thumb|300px| Figure 3. Observation Process.]]
 ==Ontologies and Knowledge Bases==
-<strong>Specification of Perception Cycle in Set Theory</strong>
+* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/perception.owl IntellegO-OWL]
-[[Image:Set-theory.jpg|none|thumb|500px| Figure 4. Specification of Perception Cycle in Set Theory.]]
+* [http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn Sensor and Sensor Network (SSN) Ontology] ([http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/ wiki])
-<strong>Weather Background Knowledge</strong>
+==Focus Evaluation==
-[[Image:bipartite_graph_black.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 5. Weather Background Knowledge]]
-* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/weather.owl Weather Background Knowledge]
-* [http://wiki.knoesis.org/index.php/SSW_Datasets Observation Knowledge Base]
-* [http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/ont/perception.owl Perception Ontology]
-* Perception Datasets:
-**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_25miles.zip 25 miles (17 observers)]
-**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_50miles.zip 50 miles (70 observers)]
-**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_100miles.zip 100 miles (170 observers)]
-**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_200miles.zip 200 miles (373 observers)]
-**[http://sonicbanana.cs.wright.edu/activeperception/all_active_400miles.zip 400 miles (516 observers)]
-−
-−
-==Demonstrations==
-−
-* [http://harp.cs.wright.edu/perception/ Demo visualization of the Perception Cycle with Weather Background Knowledge]
-−
-−
-==Statistics==
 ====Percepts Generated during Evaluation: # and %====
@@ Line 65: / Line 44: @@
 ====Theories Generated during Evaluation====
 [[Image:trend_theory.jpg|none|thumb|600px| Figure 13. ]]