Difference between revisions of "Ontology for Parasite Life Cycle"

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{{block
 
{{block
−
   |title= What is Parasite Lifecycle Ontology (PLO)?
+
   |title= What is the Ontology for Parasite Lifecycle (OPL)?
 
   |title_background=#b0e2ff
 
   |title_background=#b0e2ff
−
   |content= PLO models the life cycle stage details of ''T.cruzi'' and two related kinetoplastids, ''Trypanosoma brucei'' and ''Leishmania major''. In addition, the ontology also models necessary contextual details such as host information, vector information, strain and anatomical location. All the entities in the ontology are linked to each other by explicitly modeled named relationships that will enable software applications to accurately interpret data annotated with this ontology. For example, “Trypanosoma_cruzi→has_vector_organism→triatominae”. The PLO is modeled in the W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) standard and currently has 41 classes and 5 properties with a description logic expressivity of ALU.  PLO (ver 0.1) is released through NCBO’s BioPortal repository for public use.  
+
   |content= OPL models the life cycle stage details of ''T.cruzi'' and two related kinetoplastids, ''Trypanosoma brucei'' and ''Leishmania major''. In addition, the ontology also models necessary contextual details such as host information, vector information, strain and anatomical location. All the entities in the ontology are linked to each other by explicitly modeled named relationships that will enable software applications to accurately interpret data annotated with this ontology. For example, “Trypanosoma_cruzi→has_vector_organism→triatominae”. The PLO is modeled in the W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) standard and currently has 41 classes and 5 properties with a description logic expressivity of ALU.  OPL(ver 0.1), which was called Parasite Lifecycle Ontology is released through NCBO’s BioPortal repository for public use.  
 
}}
 
}}
 
<!--end section 1 -->
 
<!--end section 1 -->
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         <td>
 
         <td>
 
{{#tree:id=OwlTree|openlevels=1|root=Owl:Thing|
 
{{#tree:id=OwlTree|openlevels=1|root=Owl:Thing|
−
 
 
**[[Entity|entity]]
 
**[[Entity|entity]]
 
***[[Continuant|continuant]]
 
***[[Continuant|continuant]]
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*********[[Biological_Vector_of_Infections_Agent_Role|biological_vector_of_infectious_agent_role]]
 
*********[[Biological_Vector_of_Infections_Agent_Role|biological_vector_of_infectious_agent_role]]
 
********[[Host_Role|host_role]]
 
********[[Host_Role|host_role]]
−
*********[[Definitive_Host_Role|definitie_host_role]]
+
*********[[Definitive_Host_Role|definitive_host_role]]
 
*********[[Intermediate_Host_Role|intermediate_host_role]]
 
*********[[Intermediate_Host_Role|intermediate_host_role]]
 
****[[Independent_Continuant|independent_continuant]]
 
****[[Independent_Continuant|independent_continuant]]
Line 35: Line 34:
 
********[[Biomphalaria|biomphalaria]]
 
********[[Biomphalaria|biomphalaria]]
 
*******[[Insect|insect]]
 
*******[[Insect|insect]]
−
********[[Phlebotominae|Phlebotominae]]
 
 
********[[Triatominae|triatominae]]
 
********[[Triatominae|triatominae]]
 
********[[Anopheles|anopheles]]
 
********[[Anopheles|anopheles]]
 +
********[[Phlebotominae|Phlebotominae]]
 
********[[Glossina|glossina]]
 
********[[Glossina|glossina]]
 
*******[[Parasite_Organism|parasite_organism]]
 
*******[[Parasite_Organism|parasite_organism]]
Line 93: Line 92:
 
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Daughter_Sporocyst|schistosoma_mansoni_daughter_sporocyst]]
 
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Daughter_Sporocyst|schistosoma_mansoni_daughter_sporocyst]]
 
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Mother_Sporocyst|schistosoma_mansoni_mother_sporocyst]]
 
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Mother_Sporocyst|schistosoma_mansoni_mother_sporocyst]]
−
**********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_Cercaria|schostosoma_mansoni_cercaria]]
+
**********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Cercaria|schostosoma_mansoni_cercaria]]
−
**********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_Egg|schostosoma_mansoni_egg]]
+
**********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Egg|schostosoma_mansoni_egg]]
−
**********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_Miracidium|schostosoma_mansoni_miracidium]]
+
**********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Miracidium|schostosoma_mansoni_miracidium]]
−
**********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_Schistosomulum|schostosoma_mansoni_schistosomulum]]
+
**********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Schistosomulum|schostosoma_mansoni_schistosomulum]]
−
***********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_24_Hour_Schistosomulum|schostosoma_mansoni_24_hour_schistosomulum]]
+
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_24_Hour_Schistosomulum|schistosoma_mansoni_24_hour_schistosomulum]]
−
***********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_3_Day_Schistosomulum|schostosoma_mansoni_3_day_schistosomulum]]
+
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_3_Day_Schistosomulum|schistosoma_mansoni_3_day_schistosomulum]]
−
***********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_3_Hour_Schistosomulum|schostosoma_mansoni_3_hour_schistosomulum]]
+
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_3_Hour_Schistosomulum|schistosoma_mansoni_3_hour_schistosomulum]]
−
***********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_6_Day_Schistosomulum|schostosoma_mansoni_6_day_schistosomulum]]
+
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_6_Day_Schistosomulum|schistosoma_mansoni_6_day_schistosomulum]]
−
**********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_Worm|schostosoma_mansoni_worm]]
+
**********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Worm|schistosoma_mansoni_worm]]
−
***********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_3_Week_Worm|schostosoma_mansoni_3_week_worm]]
+
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_3_Week_Worm|schistosoma_mansoni_3_week_worm]]
−
***********[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_7_Week_Worm|schostosoma_mansoni_7_week_worm]]
+
***********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_7_Week_Worm|schistosoma_mansoni_7_week_worm]]
 
*********[[Schistosoma_haematobium|schistosoma_haematobium]]
 
*********[[Schistosoma_haematobium|schistosoma_haematobium]]
 
**********[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Cercaria|schistosoma_haematobium_cercarcia]]
 
**********[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Cercaria|schistosoma_haematobium_cercarcia]]
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******[[Anatomical_Structure|anatomical_structure]]
 
******[[Anatomical_Structure|anatomical_structure]]
 
*******[[Hepatopancreas|hepatopancreas]]
 
*******[[Hepatopancreas|hepatopancreas]]
−
********[[Biompharlaria_Hepatopancreas|biomphalaria_hepatopancreas]]
+
********[[Biomphalaria_Hepatopancreas|biomphalaria_hepatopancreas]]
 
********[[Bulinus_Hepatopancreas|bulinus_hepatopancreas]]
 
********[[Bulinus_Hepatopancreas|bulinus_hepatopancreas]]
 
********[[Oncomelania_Hepatopancreas|oncomelania_hepatopancreas]]
 
********[[Oncomelania_Hepatopancreas|oncomelania_hepatopancreas]]
Line 154: Line 153:
 
********[[Anopheles_Midgut|anopheles_midgut]]
 
********[[Anopheles_Midgut|anopheles_midgut]]
 
********[[Glossina_Midgut|glossina|midgut]]
 
********[[Glossina_Midgut|glossina|midgut]]
−
********[[Triatominae_Midgut|triatominae_midgut]]
 
 
********[[Phlebotominae_Midgut|Phlebotominae_midgut]]
 
********[[Phlebotominae_Midgut|Phlebotominae_midgut]]
 +
********[[Triatominae_Midgut|triatominae_midgut]]
 
*******[[Hindgut|hindgut]]
 
*******[[Hindgut|hindgut]]
 
********[[Triatominae_Hindgut|triatominae_hindgut]]
 
********[[Triatominae_Hindgut|triatominae_hindgut]]
Line 171: Line 170:
 
******[[Amastigote_Stage|amastigote_stage]]
 
******[[Amastigote_Stage|amastigote_stage]]
 
******[[Cercaria_Stage|cercaria_stage]]
 
******[[Cercaria_Stage|cercaria_stage]]
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Cercaria_Stage|schistosoma_haematobium_cercaria_stage]]
 
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Cercaria_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_cercaria_stage]]
 
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Cercaria_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_cercaria_stage]]
 
 
******[[Egg_Stage|egg_stage]]
 
******[[Egg_Stage|egg_stage]]
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Egg_Stage|schistosoma_haematobium_egg_stage]]
 
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Egg_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_egg_stage]]
 
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Egg_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_egg_stage]]
 
 
******[[Epimastigote_Stage|epimastigote_stage]]
 
******[[Epimastigote_Stage|epimastigote_stage]]
 
******[[Gametocyte_Stage|gametocyte_stage]]
 
******[[Gametocyte_Stage|gametocyte_stage]]
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******[[Microgamete_Stage|microgamete_stage]]
 
******[[Microgamete_Stage|microgamete_stage]]
 
******[[Miracidium_Stage|miracidium_stage]]
 
******[[Miracidium_Stage|miracidium_stage]]
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Miracidium_Stage|schistosoma_haematobium_miracidium_stage]]
 
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Miracidium_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_miracidium_stage]]
 
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Miracidium_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_miracidium_stage]]
 
 
******[[Oocyst_Stage|oocyst_stage]]
 
******[[Oocyst_Stage|oocyst_stage]]
 
******[[Ookinete_Stage|ookinete_stage]]
 
******[[Ookinete_Stage|ookinete_stage]]
 
******[[Promastigote_Stage|promastigote_stage]]
 
******[[Promastigote_Stage|promastigote_stage]]
−
******[[Schistososomulum_Stage|schistosomulum_stage]]
+
******[[Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosomulum_stage]]
 +
******[[24_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|24_hour_schistosomulum_stage]]
 +
******[[3_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|3_day_schistosomulum_stage]]
 +
******[[3_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|3_hour_schistosomulum_stage]]
 +
******[[6_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|6_day_schistosomulum_stage]]
 
******[[Schizont_Stage|schizont_stage]]
 
******[[Schizont_Stage|schizont_stage]]
−
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Schizont_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_shcizont_stage]]
 
−
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Erythrocytic_Schizont_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_erythrocytic_shizont_stage]]
 
−
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Hepatic_Schizont_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_hepatic_shizont_stage]]
 
 
*******[[Erythrocytic_Shizont_Stage|erythrocytic_shizont_stage]]
 
*******[[Erythrocytic_Shizont_Stage|erythrocytic_shizont_stage]]
−
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Erythrocytic_Shizont_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_erythrocytic_shizont_stage]]
 
 
*******[[Hepatic_Shizont_Stage|hepatic_shizont_stage]]
 
*******[[Hepatic_Shizont_Stage|hepatic_shizont_stage]]
−
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Hepatic_Shizont_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_hepatic_shizont_stage]]
 
 
******[[Sporozoite_Stage|sporozoite_stage]]
 
******[[Sporozoite_Stage|sporozoite_stage]]
 
******[[Trophozoite_Stage|trophozoite_stage]]
 
******[[Trophozoite_Stage|trophozoite_stage]]
Line 213: Line 202:
 
*******[[3_Week_Worm_Stage|3_week_worm_stage]]
 
*******[[3_Week_Worm_Stage|3_week_worm_stage]]
 
*******[[7_Week_Worm_Stage|7_week_worm_stage]]
 
*******[[7_Week_Worm_Stage|7_week_worm_stage]]
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Worm_Stage|schistosoma_haematobium_worm_stage]]
 
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Worm_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_worm_stage]]
 
−
*******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Worm_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_worm_stage]]
 
 
******[[Zygote_Stage|zygote_stage]]
 
******[[Zygote_Stage|zygote_stage]]
 
*****[[Parasite_Lifecycle_Stage|parasite_lifecycle_stage]]
 
*****[[Parasite_Lifecycle_Stage|parasite_lifecycle_stage]]
Line 222: Line 208:
 
*******[[Leishmania_Major_Promastigote_Stage|leishmania_major_promastigote_stage]]
 
*******[[Leishmania_Major_Promastigote_Stage|leishmania_major_promastigote_stage]]
 
******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Lifecycle_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_lifecycle_stage]]
 
******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Lifecycle_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_lifecycle_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Gametocyte_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_gametocyte_stage
 
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Macrogametocyte_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_macrogametocyte_stage]]
 
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Macrogametocyte_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_macrogametocyte_stage]]
−
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Microgametocyte_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_microgametocyte_stage]]
+
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Microgametocyte_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_microgametocyte_stage]]]]
−
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Gametocyte_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_gametocyte_stage]]
+
 
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Macrogamete_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_macrogamete_stage]]
 
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Macrogamete_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_macrogamete_stage]]
 
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Merozoite_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_merozoite_stage]]
 
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Merozoite_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_merozoite_stage]]
Line 250: Line 236:
 
********[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_7_Week_Worm_Stage|schistosoma_haematobium_7_week_worm_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_7_Week_Worm_Stage|schistosoma_haematobium_7_week_worm_stage]]
 
******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Lifecycle_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_lifecycle_stage]]
 
******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Lifecycle_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_lifecycle_stage]]
 +
*******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Cercaria_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_cercaria_stage]]
 +
*******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Egg_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_egg_stage]]
 +
*******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Miracidium_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_miracidium_stage]]
 +
*******[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_schistosomulum_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_24_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_24_hour_schistosomulum_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_24_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_24_hour_schistosomulum_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_3_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_3_day_schistosomulum_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_3_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_3_day_schistosomulum_stage]]
Line 258: Line 248:
 
********[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_7_Week_Worm_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_7_week_worm_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_7_Week_Worm_Stage|schistosoma_japonicum_7_week_worm_stage]]
 
******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Lifecycle_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_lifecycle_stage]]
 
******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Lifecycle_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_lifecycle_stage]]
 +
*******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Cercaria_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_cercaria_stage]]
 +
*******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Egg_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_egg_stage]]
 +
*******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Miracidium_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_miracidium_stage]]
 +
*******[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_schistosomulum_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_24_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_24_hour_schistosomulum_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_24_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_24_hour_schistosomulum_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_3_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_3_day_schistosomulum_stage]]
 
********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_3_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosoma_mansoni_3_day_schistosomulum_stage]]
Line 293: Line 287:
 
         <td>
 
         <td>
  
−
;#
 
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
−
[[3_Week_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[24 Hour Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[7_Week_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[3 Day Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[3 Hour Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[3 Week Worm Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[6 Day Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[7 Week Worm Stage]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
 
;A
 
;A
Line 304: Line 301:
 
<li>[[Anopheles]]</li>
 
<li>[[Anopheles]]</li>
 
<li>[[Anopheles Midgut]]</li>
 
<li>[[Anopheles Midgut]]</li>
−
<li>[[Anophele Salivary Gland]]</li>
+
<li>[[Anopheles Salivary Gland]]</li>
 
                      </ul>
 
                      </ul>
  
 
;B
 
;B
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
−
[[Biological_Vector_of_Infections_Agent_Role|
+
<li>[[Biological Vector of Infections Agent Role]]</li>
 
<li>[[Biomphalaria]]</li>
 
<li>[[Biomphalaria]]</li>
−
[[Biompharlaria_Hepatopancreas|
+
<li>[[Biomphalaria Hepatopancreas]]</li>
 
<li>[[Blood]]</li>
 
<li>[[Blood]]</li>
−
[[Bloodstream_Trypomastigote_Stage|
+
<li>[[Bloodstream Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Bulinus]]</li>
 
<li>[[Bulinus]]</li>
−
[[Bulinus_Hepatopancreas|
+
<li>[[Bulinus Hepatopancreas]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
  
 
;C
 
;C
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
−
<li>[[Canis Familiaris]]</li>
+
<li>[[Canis familiaris]]</li>
 
<li>[[Cell]]</li>
 
<li>[[Cell]]</li>
−
[[Cercaria_Stage|
+
<li>[[Cercaria Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Cerebrospinal Fluid]]</li>
 
<li>[[Cerebrospinal Fluid]]</li>
 
<li>[[Continuant]]</li>
 
<li>[[Continuant]]</li>
Line 328: Line 325:
 
;D
 
;D
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
−
[[Definitive_Host_Role|
+
<li>[[Definitive Host Role]]</li>
−
[[Dependent_Contininuant|
+
<li>[[Dependent Contininuant]]</li>
 
                               </ul>                           
 
                               </ul>                           
 
                                
 
                                
 
;E
 
;E
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
−
[[Egg_Stage|egg_stage]]
+
<li>[[Egg Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Entity]]</li>
 
<li>[[Entity]]</li>
 
<li>[[Epimastigote Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Epimastigote Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Erythrocyte]]</li>
 
<li>[[Erythrocyte]]</li>
−
[[Erythrocytic_Shizont_Stage|
+
<li>[[Erythrocytic Shizont Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Exflagellated Microgametocyte Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Exflagellated Microgametocyte Stage]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
Line 353: Line 350:
 
;H
 
;H
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
−
[[Hepatic_Shizont_Stage|
+
<li>[[Hepatic Shizont Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Hepatocyte]]</li>
 
<li>[[Hepatocyte]]</li>
−
[[Hepatopancreas|
+
<li>[[Hepatopancreas]]</li>
 
<li>[[Hindgut]]</li>
 
<li>[[Hindgut]]</li>
−
<li>[[Homo Sapiens]]</li>
+
<li>[[Homo sapiens]]</li>
−
[[Host_Role|
+
<li>[[Host Role]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Blood]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Blood]]</li>
−
[[Human_Bladder|
+
<li>[[Human Bladder]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Cerebrospinal Fluid]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Cerebrospinal Fluid]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Erythrocyte]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Erythrocyte]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Hepatocyte]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Hepatocyte]]</li>
−
[[Human_Intestine|
+
<li>[[Human Intestine]]</li>
−
[[Human_Liver|
+
<li>[[Human Liver]]</li>
−
[[Human_Lung|
+
<li>[[Human Lung]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Macrophage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Human Macrophage]]</li>
−
[[Human_Mesenteric_Vein|
+
<li>[[Human Mesenteric Vein]]</li>
−
[[Human_Parasite_Role|
+
<li>[[Human Parasite Role]]</li>
−
[[Human_Skin|
+
<li>[[Human Skin]]</li>
−
[[Human_Ureter|
+
<li>[[Human Ureter]]</li>
 
<li>[[Hypnozoite Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Hypnozoite Stage]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
Line 378: Line 375:
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
 
<li>[[Independent Continuant]]</li>
 
<li>[[Independent Continuant]]</li>
−
[[Infectious_Agent_Vector_Role|
+
<li>[[Infectious Agent Vector Role]]</li>
 
<li>[[Insect]]</li>
 
<li>[[Insect]]</li>
−
[[Intermediate_Host_Role|
+
<li>[[Intermediate Host Role]]</li>
−
[[Intestine|
+
<li>[[Intestine]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
 
                                
 
                                
Line 387: Line 384:
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
 
<li>[[Leishmania]]</li>
 
<li>[[Leishmania]]</li>
−
<li>[[Leishmania Major]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania major]]</li>
−
<li>[[Leishmania Major Amastigote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania major Amastigote]]</li>
−
<li>[[Leishmania Major Amastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania major Amastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Leishmania Major Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania major Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Leishmania Major Metacyclic Promastigote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania major Metacyclic Promastigote]]</li>
−
<li>[[Leishmania Major Procyclic Promastigote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania major Procyclic Promastigote]]</li>
−
<li>[[Leishmania Major Promastigote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania major Promastigote]]</li>
−
<li>[[Leishmania Major Promastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania major Promastigote Stage]]</li>
−
[[Lifecycle_Stage|
+
<li>[[Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
[[Liver|
+
<li>[[Liver]]</li>
−
[[Lung|
+
<li>[[Lung]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
  
 
;M
 
;M
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
 +
<li>[[Macrogamete Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Macrogametocyte Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Macrogametocyte Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Macrogamete Stage]]</li>
 
 
<li>[[Macrophage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Macrophage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Mammal]]</li>
 
<li>[[Mammal]]</li>
−
[[Material_Entity|
+
<li>[[Material Entity]]</li>
 
<li>[[Merozoite Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Merozoite Stage]]</li>
−
[[Mesenteric_Vein|
+
<li>[[Mesenteric Vein]]</li>
−
[[Metacyclic_Trypomastigote_Stage|
+
<li>[[Metacyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Microgamete Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Microgamete Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Microgametocyte Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Microgametocyte Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Midgut]]</li>
 
<li>[[Midgut]]</li>
−
[[Miracidium_Stage|
+
<li>[[Miracidium Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Mollusca]]</li>
 
<li>[[Mollusca]]</li>
−
<li>[[Mus Musculus]]</li>
+
<li>[[Mus musculus]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
 
</td>
 
</td>
Line 424: Line 421:
 
<li>[[Occurrent]]</li>
 
<li>[[Occurrent]]</li>
 
<li>[[Oncomelania]]</li>
 
<li>[[Oncomelania]]</li>
−
[[Oncomelania_Hepatopancreas|
+
<li>[[Oncomelania Hepatopancreas]]</li>
 
<li>[[Oocyst Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Oocyst Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Ookinete Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Ookinete Stage]]</li>
Line 433: Line 430:
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
 
<li>[[Parasite Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Parasite Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
[[Parasite_Role|
+
<li>[[Parasite Role]]</li>
 
<li>[[Parasite Organism]]</li>
 
<li>[[Parasite Organism]]</li>
 
<li>[[Phlebotominae]]</li>
 
<li>[[Phlebotominae]]</li>
−
<li>[[Phlebotominae_Midgut]]</li>
+
<li>[[Phlebotominae Midgut]]</li>
 
<li>[[Plasmodium]]</li>
 
<li>[[Plasmodium]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Erythrocytic Schizont]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocytic Schizont]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Erythrocytic Schizont Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocytic Schizont Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Exflagellated Microgametocyte]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Exflagellated Microgametocyte]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocyte Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Hepatic Schizont]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Hepatic Schizont]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Hepatic Schizont Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Hepatic Schizont Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Macrogamete]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Macrogamete]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Macrogamete Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Macrogamete Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Macrogametocyte]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Macrogametocyte]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Macrogametocyte Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Macrogametocyte Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Merozoite]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Merozoite Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Microgamete]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Microgamete]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Microgamete Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Microgamete Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Microgametocyte]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Microgametocyte]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Microgametocyte Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Microgametocyte Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Oocyst]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Oocyst]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Oocyst Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Oocyst Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Ookinete]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Ookinete]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Ookinete Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Ookinete Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Ring Trophozoite]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Ring Trophozoite]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Ring Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Ring Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Schizont Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Schizont Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoite]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoite Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Trophozoite]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Trophozoite]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Zygote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Zygote]]</li>
−
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Zygote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium falciparum Zygote Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Proboscis]]</li>
 
<li>[[Proboscis]]</li>
 
<li>[[Processual Entity]]</li>
 
<li>[[Processual Entity]]</li>
−
[[Procyclic_Trypomastigote_Stage|
+
<li>[[Procyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Promastigote Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Promastigote Stage]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
−
 
+
;R
 +
<ul>
 +
<li>[[Realizable Entity]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Ring Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Role]]</li>
 +
</ul>
 
</td>
 
</td>
  
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
;R
 
−
<ul>
 
−
[[Realizable_Entity|
 
−
[[Ring_Trophozoite_Stage|
 
−
[[Role|
 
−
</ul>
 
 
;S
 
;S
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
 
<li>[[Salivary Gland]]</li>
 
<li>[[Salivary Gland]]</li>
 
<li>[[Schistosoma]]</li>
 
<li>[[Schistosoma]]</li>
−
<li>[[Schistosoma Haematobium]]</li>
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_24_Hour_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 24 Hour Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_24_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 24 Hour Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_3_Day_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 3 Day Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_3_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 3 Day Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_3_Hour_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 3 Hour Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_3_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 3 Hour Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_3_Week_Worm|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 3 Week Worm]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_3_Week_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 3 Week Worm Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_6_Day_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 6 Day Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_6_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 6 Day Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_7_Week_Worm|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 7 Week Worm]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_7_Week_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium 7 Week Worm Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Cercaria|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Cercaria]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Cercaria_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Cercaria Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Daughter_Sporocyst|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Daughter Sporocyst]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Egg|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Egg]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Egg_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Egg Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Lifecycle_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Miracidium|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Miracidium]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Miracidium_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Miracidium Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Mother_Sporocyst|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Mother Sporocyst]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Sporocyst|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Sporocyst]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Worm|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Worm]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Haematobium_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma haematobium Worm Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Schistosoma Japonicum]]</li>
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_24_Hour_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 24 Hour Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_24_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|s
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 24 Hour Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_3_Day_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 3 Day Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_3_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 3 Day Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_3_Hour_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 3 Hour Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_3_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 3 Hour Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_3_Week_Worm|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 3 Week Worm]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_3_Week_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 3 Week Worm Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_6_Day_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 6 Day Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_6_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 6 Day Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_7_Week_Worm|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 7 Week Worm]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_7_Week_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum 7 Week Worm Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Cercaria|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Cercaria]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Cercaria_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Cercaria Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Daughter_Sporocyst|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Daughter Sporocyst]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Egg|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Egg]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Egg_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Egg Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Lifecycle_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Miracidium|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Miracidium]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Miracidium_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Miracidium Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Mother_Sporocyst|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Mother Sporocyst]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Sporocyst|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japiconium Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Worm|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Sporocyst]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Japonicum_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Worm]]</li>
−
<li>[[Schistosoma Mansoni]]</li>
+
<li>[[Schistosoma japonicum Worm Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_24_Hour_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_24_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni 24 Hour Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_3_Day_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni 24 Hour Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_3_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni 3 Day Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_3_Hour_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni 3 Day Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_3_Hour_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni 3 Hour Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_3_Week_Worm|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni 3 Hour Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_3_Week_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni 3 Week Worm]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_6_Day_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni 3 Week Worm Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_6_Day_Schistosomulum_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni 6 Day Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_7_Week_Worm|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni 6 Day Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_7_Week_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni 7 Week Worm]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_Cercaria|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni 7 Week Worm Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Cercaria_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni Cercaria]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Daughter_Sporocyst|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni Cercaria Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_Egg|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni Daughter Sporocyst]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Egg_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni Egg]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Lifecycle_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni Egg Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_Miracidium|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Miracidium_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni Miracidium]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Mother_Sporocyst|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni Miracidium Stage]]</li>
−
[[Schostosoma_Mansoni_Schistosomulum|
+
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni Mother Sporocyst]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Sporocyst|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni Schistosomulum]]</li>
−
[[Schistosoma_Mansoni_Worm_Stage|
+
<li>[[Schostosoma mansoni Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni Sporocyst]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Schistosoma mansoni Worm Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Schizont Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Schizont Stage]]</li>
−
[[Skin_Of_Body|
+
<li>[[Skin Of Body]]</li>
−
[[Specifically_Dependent_Continuant|
+
<li>[[Specifically Dependent Continuant]]</li>
 
<li>[[Sporozoite Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Sporozoite Stage]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
−
 
+
</td>
 +
<td>
 
;T
 
;T
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
Line 579: Line 578:
 
<li>[[Triatominae Midgut]]</li>
 
<li>[[Triatominae Midgut]]</li>
 
<li>[[Trypanosoma]]</li>
 
<li>[[Trypanosoma]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma brucei]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Bloodstream Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma brucei Bloodstream Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Epimastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma brucei Epimastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma brucei Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Metacyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma brucei Metacyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Procyclic Trypomastigote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma brucei Procyclic Trypomastigote]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Procyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma brucei Procyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma brucei Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Amastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma cruzi Amastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Epimastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma cruzi Epimastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma cruzi Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Metacyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma cruzi Metacyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
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<li>[[Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 
<li>[[Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
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;U
 
;U
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
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[[Urinary_Bladder|
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<li>[[Urinary Bladder]]</li>
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[[Ureter|
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<li>[[Ureter]]</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
  
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;W
 
;W
 
                               <ul>
 
                               <ul>
−
[[Worm_Stage|
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<li>[[Worm Stage]]</li>
 
                               </ul>
 
                               </ul>
  
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<!--start section 3 -->
 
<!--start section 3 -->
 
{{block
 
{{block
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   |title= Organisms in PLO
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   |title= Organisms in OPL
 
   |title_background=#b0e2ff
 
   |title_background=#b0e2ff
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   |content= Here is brief description and life-cycles of the organisms that are covered in PLO.
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   |content= Here is brief description and life-cycles of the organisms that are covered in OPL.
 
{{block
 
{{block
 
   |title= ''Trypanosoma cruzi''
 
   |title= ''Trypanosoma cruzi''

Latest revision as of 18:35, 9 June 2011


What is the Ontology for Parasite Lifecycle (OPL)?

OPL models the life cycle stage details of T.cruzi and two related kinetoplastids, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major. In addition, the ontology also models necessary contextual details such as host information, vector information, strain and anatomical location. All the entities in the ontology are linked to each other by explicitly modeled named relationships that will enable software applications to accurately interpret data annotated with this ontology. For example, “Trypanosoma_cruzi→has_vector_organism→triatominae”. The PLO is modeled in the W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) standard and currently has 41 classes and 5 properties with a description logic expressivity of ALU. OPL(ver 0.1), which was called Parasite Lifecycle Ontology is released through NCBO’s BioPortal repository for public use.

Snapshot of class hierarchy of the parasite life cycle ontology using Protege toolkit. Detail of this ontology is available at NCBO BioPortal
List of ontology classes
A
B
C
D
E
G
H
I
L
M
O


P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z


Organisms in OPL

Here is brief description and life-cycles of the organisms that are covered in OPL.

Trypanosoma cruzi
T. cruzi Lifecycle

The life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi involves both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts (see figure below). Metacyclic trypomastigotes are deposited on the mammalian (vertebrate host's) skin through the faeces of the triatomine bug vector. They have the capacity to penetrate skin through wounds, such as the bite from the bug, and across the mucosal membranes surrounding the eyes and mouth.

Inside the mammalian host, the trypomastigotes penetrate either phagocytic or non-phagocytic cells, in a manner distinct from phagocytosis. Parasites subvert the host cell Ca2+ -regulated lysosomal exocytic pathway, literally ‘hijacking’ lysosomes to enable them to invade effectively (Sibley and Andrews, 2000; Tan and Andrews, 2002). Within the host cell, trypomastigotes are initially held within a membrane bound vacuole. They subsequently enter the host cell cytoplasm directly, transforming into amastigotes (the intracellular replicative forms) (Tan and Andrews, 2002). Around five days post invasion, the amastigotes transform back into C- shaped trypomastigotes, and the host cell ruptures, releasing the parasites into the bloodstream. These bloodstream trypomastigotes can then either infect further cells, or can be taken up by a reduviid bug. Within the insect vector, epimastigotes develop in the alimentary tract, taking 10 – 15 days to replicate and transform into infective stages in the rectum (Kollien and Schaub, 2000). T. cruzi can also be transmitted via contaminated blood and infected organs used in transplant operations, or congenitally from mother to child.

Trypanosoma brucei
T. brucei Lifecyle

Trypanosoma brucei is also transmitted by an insect vector, in this case the tsetse fly, one of the Glossina sp. Blood stream trypomastigotes are ingested by the tsetse from an infected patient during the insect blood meal. In the midgut of the tsetse, the trypanosomes develop into procyclic forms that divide by binary fission. Some of these then migrate to the salivary glands where they differentiate into infectious metacyclic trypomastigotes. These are transmitted into new hosts during further blood feeds (Barrett et al, 2003).

Leishmania sp.
Leishmania sp. Lifecycle

Leishmania species are also transmitted by insect vectors, in this case metacyclic promastigotes are introduced into the skin by the bite of various species of sand fly. These are taken up by macrophages and transform into intracellular amastigotes (reviewed by Handman and Bullen, 2002), remaining in this form for the duration of the life cycle in the mammalian host. Development within the sand fly vector varies from species to species, but is thought to involve 2 distinct growth phases (Gossage et al, 2003).

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