Difference between revisions of "Ontology for Parasite Life Cycle"

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Line 15: Line 15:
 
*[[Lifecycle_stage|lifecycle_stage]]
 
*[[Lifecycle_stage|lifecycle_stage]]
  
−
**[[amastigote]]
+
**[[Entity|entity]]
−
***Leishmania_sp_amastigote
+
***[[Continuant|continuant]]
−
***Trypanosoma_cruzi_amastigote
+
****[[Independent_Continuant|independent_continuant]]
−
**[[epimastigote]]
+
*****[[Organism|Organism]]
−
***Trypanosoma_brucei_epimastigote
+
******[[Mollusca|mollusca]]
−
***Trypanosoma_cruzi_epimastigote
+
*******[[Bulinus|bulinus]]
−
**[[promastigote]]
+
*******[[Oncomelania|oncomelania]]
−
***metacyclic_promastigote
+
*******[[Biomphalaria|biomphalaria]]
−
***procyclic_promastigote
+
******[[Insect|insect]]
−
**[[trypomastigote]]
+
*******[[Sand_Fly|sand_fly]]
−
***blood_stream_form_trypomastigote
+
*******[[Triatominae|triatominae]]
−
***metacyclic_trypomastigote
+
*******[[Anopheles|anopheles]]
−
****Trypanosoma_brucei_metacyclic_trypomastigote
+
*******[[Glossina|glossina]]
−
****Trypanosoma_cruzi_metacyclic_trypomastigote
+
******[[Parasite_Organism|parasite_organism]]
−
***procyclic_trypomastigote
+
*******[[Leishmania|leishmania]]
−
***Trypanosoma_brucei_trypomastigote
+
********[[Leishmania_Major|leishmania_major]]
−
***Trypanosoma_cruzi_trypomastigote
+
*********[[Leishmania_Major_Amastigote|leishmania_major_amastigote]]
−
*[[organism]]
+
*********[[Leishmania_Major_Promastigote|leishmania_major_promastigote]]
−
**[[Host_organism|host_organism]]
+
**********[[Leishmania_Major_Metacyclic_Amastigote|leishmania_major_metacyclic_promastigote]]
−
***mammal
+
**********[[Leishmania_Major_Procyclic_Promastigote|leishmania_major_procyclic_promastigote]]
−
****Canis_familiaris
+
*******[[Trypanosoma|trypanosoma]]
−
****Homo_sapiens
+
********[[Trypanosoma_Brucei|trypanosoma_brucei]]
−
****Mus_musculus
+
*********[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Epimastigote|trypanosoma_brucei_epimastigote]]
−
**parasitic_organism
+
*********[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Metacyclic_Trypomastigote|trypanosoma_brucei_metacyclic_trypomastigote]]
−
***Leishmania_sp
+
*********[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Procyclic_Trypomastigote|trypanosoma_brucei_procyclic_trypomastigote]]
−
***Trypanosoma_brucei
+
*********[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Trypomastigote|trypanosoma_brucei_trypomastigote
−
***Trypanosoma_cruzi
+
********[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi|trypanosoma_cruzi]]
−
**[[Vector_organism|vector_organism]]
+
*********[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi_Amastigote|trypanosoma_cruzi_amastigote]]
−
***[[Tsetse_fly|Glossina_morsitans]]
+
*********[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi_Epimastigote|trypanosoma_cruzi_epimastigote]]
−
***[[Sand_fly|sand_fly]]
+
*********[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi_Metacyclic_Trypomastigote|trypanosoma_cruzi_metacyclic_trypomastigote]]
−
***[[triatomine]]
+
*********[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi_Trypomastigote|trypanosoma_cruzi_trypomastigote]]
−
**organism_strain
+
*******[[Plasmodium|plasmodium]]
−
*provenir:spatial_parameter
+
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum|plasmodium_falciparum]]
−
**[[Anatomical_Location|anatomical_location]]
+
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Erythrocytic_Schizont|plasmodium_falciparum_erythrocytic_schizont]]
−
***[[bloodstream]]
+
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Hepatic_Schizont|plasmodium_falciparum_hepatic_schizont]]
−
***[[hindgut]]
+
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Macrogamete|plasmodium_falciparum_macrogamete]]
−
***[[midgut]]
+
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Macrogametocyte|plasmodium_falciparum_macrogametocyte]]
−
***[[Nucleated_Cell|nucleated_cell]]
+
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Merozoite|plasmodium_falciparum_merozoite]]
−
****[[macrophage]]
+
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Microgamete|plasmodium_falciparum_microgamete]]
−
***[[Salivary_Gland|salivary_gland]]
+
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Microgametocyte|plasmodium_falciparum_microgametocyte]]
 +
**********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Exflagellated_Microgametocyte|plasmodium_falciparum_exflagellated_microgametocyte]]
 +
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Oocyst|plasmodium_falciparum_oocyst]]
 +
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Ookinete|plasmodium_falciparum_ookinete]]
 +
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Ring_Trophozoite|plasmodium_falciparum_ring_trophozoite]]
 +
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Sporozoite|plasmodium_falciparum_sporozoite]]
 +
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Trophozoite|plasmodium_falciparum_trophozoite]]
 +
*********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Zygote|plasmodium_falciparum_zygote]]
 +
*******[[Schistosoma|schistosoma]]
 +
********[[Schistosoma_Japonicum|schistosoma_japonicum]]
 +
********[[Schistosoma_Mansoni|schistosoma_mansoni]]
 +
********[[Schistosoma_Haematobium|schistosoma_haematobium]]
 +
******[[Vertebrate|vertebrate]]
 +
*******[[Mammal|mammal]]
 +
********[[Mus_Musculus|mus_musculus]]
 +
********[[Homo_Sapiens|homo_sapiens]]
 +
********[[Canis_Familiaris|canis_familiaris]]
 +
*****[[Anatomical_Structure|anatomical_structure]]
 +
******[[Proboscis|proboscis]]
 +
*******[[Sand_Fly_Proboscis|sand_fly_proboscis]]
 +
******[[Cell|cell]]
 +
*******[[Hepatocyte|hepatocyte]]
 +
********[[Human_Hepatocyte|human_hepatocyte]]
 +
*******[[Erythrocyte|erythrocyte]]
 +
********[[Human_Erythrocyte|human_erythrocyte]]
 +
*******[[Macrophage|macrophage]]
 +
********[[Human_Macrophage|human_macrophage]]
 +
******[[Blood|blood]]
 +
*******[[Human_Blood|human_blood]]
 +
******[[Salivary_Gland|salivary_gland]]
 +
*******[[Anophele_Salivary_Gland|anopheles_salivary_gland]]
 +
*******[[Glossina_Salivary_Gland|glossina_salivary_gland]]
 +
******[[Midgut|midgut]]
 +
*******[[Anopheles_Midgut|anopheles_midgut]]
 +
*******[[Glossina_Midgut|glossina|midgut]]
 +
*******[[Triatominae_Midgut|triatominae_midgut]]
 +
*******[[Sand_Fly_Midgut|sand_fly_midgut]]
 +
******[[Hindgut|hindgut]]
 +
*******[[Triatominae_Hindgut|triatominae_hindgut]]
 +
******[[Cerebrospinal_Fluid|cerebrospinal_fluid]]
 +
*******[[Human_Cerebrospinal_Fluid|human_cerebrospinal_fluid]]
 +
***[[Occurrent|occurrent]]
 +
****[[Processual_Entity|proccessual_entity]]
 +
*****[[Amastigote_Stage|amastigote_stage]]
 +
*****[[Epimastigote_Stage|epimastigote_stage]]
 +
*****[[Gametocyte_Stage|gametocyte_stage]]
 +
******[[Macrogametocyte_Stage|macrogametocyte_stage]]
 +
******[[Microgametocyte_Stage|microgametocyte_stage]]
 +
*******[[Exflagellated_Microgametocyte_Stage|exflagellated_microgametocyte_stage]]
 +
*****[[Hypnozoite_Stage|hypnozoite_stage]]
 +
*****[[Macrogamete_Stage|macrogamete_stage]]
 +
*****[[Merozoite_Stage|merozoite_stage]]
 +
*****[[Microgamete_Stage|microgamete_stage]]
 +
*****[[Oocyst_Stage|oocyst_stage]]
 +
*****[[Ookinete_Stage|ookinete_stage]]
 +
*****[[Parasite_Lifecycle_Stage|parasite_lifecycle_stage]]
 +
******[[Leishmania_Major_Lifecycle_Stage|leishmania_major_lifecycle_stage]]
 +
*******[[Leishmania_Major_Amastigote_Stage|leishmania_major_amastigote_stage]]
 +
*******[[Leishmania_Major_Promastigote_Stage|leishmania_major_promastigote_stage]]
 +
******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Lifecycle_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_lifecycle_stage]]
 +
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Macrogametocyte_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_macrogametocyte_stage]]
 +
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Microgametocyte_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_microgametocyte_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Gametocyte_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_gametocyte_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Macrogamete_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_macrogamete_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Merozoite_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_merozoite_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Microgamete_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_microgame_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Oocyst_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_oocyst_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Ookinete_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_ookinete_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Schizont_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_schizont_stage]]
 +
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Erythrocytic_Schizont_Stage|plasmodium_erythrocytic_falciparum_schizont_stage]]
 +
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Hepatic_Schizont_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_hepatic_schizont_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Sporozoite_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_sporozoite_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Trophozoite_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_trophozoite_stage]]
 +
********[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Ring_Trophozoite_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_ring_trophozoite_stage]]
 +
*******[[Plasmodium_Falciparum_Zygote_Stage|plasmodium_falciparum_zygote_stage]]
 +
******[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Lifecycle_Stage|trypanosoma_brucei_lifecycle_stage]]
 +
*******[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Epimastigote_Stage|trypanosoma_brucei_epimastigote_stage]]
 +
*******[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Trypomastigote_Stage|trypanosoma_brucei_trypomastigote_stage]]
 +
********[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Bloodstream_Trypomastigote_Stage|trypanosoma_brucei_bloodstream_trypomastigote_stage]]
 +
********[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Metacyclic_Trypomastigote_Stage|trypanosoma_brucei_metacyclic_trypomastigote_stage]]
 +
********[[Trypanosoma_Brucei_Procyclic_Trypomastigote_Stage|trypanosoma_brucei_Procyclic_trypomastigote_stage]]
 +
******[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi_Lifecycle_Stage|trypanosoma_cruzi_lifecycle_stage]]
 +
*******[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi_Amastigote_Stage|trypanosoma_cruzi_amastigote_stage]]
 +
*******[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi_Epimastigote_Stage|trypanosoma_cruzi_epimastigote_stage]]
 +
*******[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi_Trypomastigote_Stage|trypanosoma_cruzi_trypomastigote_stage]]
 +
********[[Trypanosoma_Cruzi_Metacyclic_Trypomastigote_Stage|trypanosoma_cruzi_metacyclic_trypomastigote_stage]]
 +
*****[[Promastigote_Stage|promastigote_stage]]
 +
*****[[Schistosomulum_Stage|schistosomulum_stage]]
 +
*****[[Schizont_Stage|schizont_stage]]
 +
*****[[Sporozoite_Stage|sporozoite_stage]]
 +
*****[[Trophozoite_Stage|trophozoite_stage]]
 +
*****[[Trypomastigote_Stage|trypomastigote_stage]]
 +
*****[[Zygote_Stage|zygote_stage]]
 
}}
 
}}
  
Line 72: Line 164:
 
         <td>
 
         <td>
 
;A
 
;A
−
<ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
<li>[[Amastigote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Amastigote Stage]]</li>
−
<li>[[Anatomical Location]]
+
<li>[[Anatomical Structure]]</li>
−
</li>
+
<li>[[Anopheles]]</li>
−
</ul>
+
<li>[[Anopheles Midgut]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Anophele Salivary Gland]]</li>
 +
                      </ul>
  
 
;B
 
;B
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Blood stream form]]</li>
+
<li>[[Biomphalaria]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Bloodstream]]</li>
+
<li>[[Blood]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Bulinus]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
  
 
;C
 
;C
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Chagas disease]]</li>
+
<li>[[Canis Familiaris]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Cell]]</li>
−
 
+
<li>[[Cerebrospinal Fluid]]</li>
−
;D
+
<li>[[Continuant]]</li>
−
                                <ul>
+
                              </ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Dog]]</li>
+
                             
−
                                </ul>
+
 
;E
 
;E
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Epimastigote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Entity]]</li>
−
 
+
<li>[[Epimastigote Stage]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Erythrocyte]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Exflagellated Microgametocyte Stage]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
 +
                             
 +
;G
 +
                              <ul>
 +
<li>[[Gametocyte Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Glossina]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Glossina Midgut]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Glossina Salivary Gland]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
 
;H
 
;H
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Hindgut]]</li>
+
<li>[[Hepatocyte]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Host organism]]</li>
+
<li>[[Hindgut]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Human]]</li>
+
<li>[[Homo Sapiens]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Human Blood]]</li>
−
;K
+
<li>[[Human Cerebrospinal Fluid]]</li>
−
                                <ul>
+
<li>[[Human Erythrocyte]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Kinetoplastid]]</li>
+
<li>[[Human Hepatocyte]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Human Macrophage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Hypnozoite Stage]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
 +
                             
 +
;I
 +
                              <ul>
 +
<li>[[Independent Continuant]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Insect]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
 +
                             
 
;L
 
;L
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Leishmania]]</li>                                                              
+
<li>[[Leishmania]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Leishmaniasis]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania Major]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Lifecycle stage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania Major Amastigote]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Lutzomyia]]</li>
+
<li>[[Leishmania Major Amastigote Stage]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Leishmania Major Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
       
+
<li>[[Leishmania Major Metacyclic Amastigote]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Leishmania Major Procyclic Promastigote]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Leishmania Major Promastigote]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Leishmania Major Promastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
 +
 
 
;M
 
;M
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Macrophage]]</li>
+
<li>[[Macrogametocyte Stage]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Metacyclic]]</li>
+
<li>[[Macrogamete Stage]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Mice]]</li>
+
<li>[[Macrophage]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Midgut]]</li>
+
<li>[[Mammal]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Merozoite Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Microgamete Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Microgametocyte Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Midgut]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Mollusca]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Mus Musculus]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
;N
 
−
                                <ul>
 
−
                                        <li>[[New World]]</li>
 
−
                                        <li>[[Nucleated Cell]]</li>
 
−
                                </ul>
 
−
 
  
 
;O
 
;O
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Old World]]</li>
+
<li>[[Occurrent]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Ontology]]</li>
+
<li>[[Oncomelania]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Organism]]</li>
+
<li>[[Oocyst Stage]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Ookinete Stage]]</li>
−
       
+
                              </ul>
−
       
+
 
 +
 
;P
 
;P
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Parasitic organism]]</li>
+
<li>[[Parasite Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Phlebotomus]]</li>
+
<li>[[Parasite Organism]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Procyclic]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Promastigote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Erythrocytic Schizont]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Erythrocytic Schizont Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Exflagellated Microgametocyte]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocyte Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Hepatic Schizont]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Hepatic Schizont Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Macrogamete]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Macrogamete Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Macrogametocyte]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Macrogametocyte Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Merozoite]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Merozoite Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Microgamete]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Microgamete Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Microgametocyte]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Microgametocyte Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Oocyst]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Oocyst Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Ookinete]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Ookinete Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Ring Trophozoite]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Ring Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Schizont Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoite]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoite Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Trophozoite]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Zygote]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Plasmodium Falciparum Zygote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Proboscis]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Processual Entity]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Promastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
  
 
</td>
 
</td>
Line 154: Line 306:
 
<td>
 
<td>
 
;S
 
;S
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Salivary Gland]]</li>
+
<li>[[Salivary Gland]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Sand fly]]</li>
+
<li>[[Sand Fly]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Sleeping sickness]]</li>
+
<li>[[Sand Fly Midgut]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Strains]]</li>
+
<li>[[Sand Fly Proboscis]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Schistosoma]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Schistosoma Haematobium]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Schistosoma Japonicum]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Schistosoma Mansoni]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Schistosomulum Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Schizont Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Sporozoite Stage]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
  
 
;T
 
;T
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Triatomine]]</li>
+
<li>[[Triatominae]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Trypanosoma brucei]]</li>
+
<li>[[Triatominae Hindgut]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]</li>
+
<li>[[Triatominae Midgut]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Trypomastigote]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma]]</li>
−
                                        <li>[[Tsetse fly]]</li>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Bloodstream Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Epimastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Metacyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Procyclic Trypomastigote]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Procyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Brucei Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Amastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Epimastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Lifecycle Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Metacyclic Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypanosoma Cruzi Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trophozoite Stage]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Trypomastigote Stage]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
  
 
;V
 
;V
−
                                <ul>
+
                              <ul>
−
                                        <li>[[Vector organism]]</li>
+
<li>[[Vertebrate]]</li>
−
                                </ul>
+
                              </ul>
  
−
        </td>
+
;Z
−
    </tr>
+
                              <ul>
 +
<li>[[Zygote Stage]]</li>
 +
                              </ul>
 +
 
 +
</td>
 +
</tr>
 
</table>
 
</table>
 
}}
 
}}

Revision as of 14:45, 13 January 2011


What is Parasite Lifecycle Ontology (PLO)?

PLO models the life cycle stage details of T.cruzi and two related kinetoplastids, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major. In addition, the ontology also models necessary contextual details such as host information, vector information, strain and anatomical location. All the entities in the ontology are linked to each other by explicitly modeled named relationships that will enable software applications to accurately interpret data annotated with this ontology. For example, “Trypanosoma_cruzi→has_vector_organism→triatominae”. The PLO is modeled in the W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) standard and currently has 41 classes and 5 properties with a description logic expressivity of ALU. PLO (ver 0.1) is released through NCBO’s BioPortal repository for public use.

{{#tree:id=OwlTree|openlevels=1|root=Owl:Thing|

}}

Snapshot of class hierarchy of the parasite life cycle ontology using Protege toolkit. Detail of this ontology is available at NCBO BioPortal
List of ontology classes
A
B
C
E
G
H
I
L
M
O


P
S
T
V
Z


Organisms in PLO

Here is brief description and life-cycles of the organisms that are covered in PLO.

Trypanosoma cruzi
T. cruzi Lifecycle

The life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi involves both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts (see figure below). Metacyclic trypomastigotes are deposited on the mammalian (vertebrate host's) skin through the faeces of the triatomine bug vector. They have the capacity to penetrate skin through wounds, such as the bite from the bug, and across the mucosal membranes surrounding the eyes and mouth.

Inside the mammalian host, the trypomastigotes penetrate either phagocytic or non-phagocytic cells, in a manner distinct from phagocytosis. Parasites subvert the host cell Ca2+ -regulated lysosomal exocytic pathway, literally ‘hijacking’ lysosomes to enable them to invade effectively (Sibley and Andrews, 2000; Tan and Andrews, 2002). Within the host cell, trypomastigotes are initially held within a membrane bound vacuole. They subsequently enter the host cell cytoplasm directly, transforming into amastigotes (the intracellular replicative forms) (Tan and Andrews, 2002). Around five days post invasion, the amastigotes transform back into C- shaped trypomastigotes, and the host cell ruptures, releasing the parasites into the bloodstream. These bloodstream trypomastigotes can then either infect further cells, or can be taken up by a reduviid bug. Within the insect vector, epimastigotes develop in the alimentary tract, taking 10 – 15 days to replicate and transform into infective stages in the rectum (Kollien and Schaub, 2000). T. cruzi can also be transmitted via contaminated blood and infected organs used in transplant operations, or congenitally from mother to child.

Trypanosoma brucei
T. brucei Lifecyle

Trypanosoma brucei is also transmitted by an insect vector, in this case the tsetse fly, one of the Glossina sp. Blood stream trypomastigotes are ingested by the tsetse from an infected patient during the insect blood meal. In the midgut of the tsetse, the trypanosomes develop into procyclic forms that divide by binary fission. Some of these then migrate to the salivary glands where they differentiate into infectious metacyclic trypomastigotes. These are transmitted into new hosts during further blood feeds (Barrett et al, 2003).

Leishmania sp.
Leishmania sp. Lifecycle

Leishmania species are also transmitted by insect vectors, in this case metacyclic promastigotes are introduced into the skin by the bite of various species of sand fly. These are taken up by macrophages and transform into intracellular amastigotes (reviewed by Handman and Bullen, 2002), remaining in this form for the duration of the life cycle in the mammalian host. Development within the sand fly vector varies from species to species, but is thought to involve 2 distinct growth phases (Gossage et al, 2003).

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